Aberdour is a coastal parish, which lies in Fife Council Area, some 5 miles (8 km) east of Dunfermline and 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Kirkcaldy in Fife and includes a small offshore island.
It is located in the old county of Fife, which disappeared following the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1974.
The parish has an area of 23.5 sq. km (9.1 sq. miles). Aberdour has 6 neighbouring parishes; namely Auchtertool, Beath, Burntisland, Dalgety, Dunfermline and Kinghorn. The boundaries of this parish were modified among significant changes recommended by the Boundary Commissioners after the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889.