Newburgh is a small coastal parish, which lies in Fife Council Area, some 1 miles (2 km) south of Newburgh and 9 miles (14 km) west of Cupar in Fife.
It is located in the old county of Fife, which disappeared following the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1974.
The parish has an area of 8.1 sq. km (3.1 sq. miles). Newburgh has 4 neighbouring parishes; namely Abdie, Abernethy, Auchtermuchty and Collessie. The boundaries of this parish were modified among significant changes recommended by the Boundary Commissioners after the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889.